Cooling mattresses are designed for people who sleep hot. If you’re someone who wakes up during the night feeling overheated—or you have a partner who does—this type of mattress could prove to be a big comfort upgrade.
However, not all cooling mattresses are created equal, and their temperature-regulation features can range from specialized gels and covers to copper infusions. Luckily, we’re here to help. My team and I have tested cooling mattresses aplenty–and we’ll cover all these bells and whistles. Continue reading to find out our top picks for chilled-out beds, so you can choose the best cooling mattress for you. Start snoozing without breaking a sweat!
Best Cooling Mattresses
- Helix Midnight Luxe – Editor’s Pick
- DreamCloud – Best Cooling Mattress for Couples
- Nectar Premier Copper Hybrid – Best Cooling Mattress for Side Sleepers
- Saatva Classic – Best Cooling Innerspring Mattress
- WinkBed – Best Cooling Mattress for Back Sleepers
- Brooklyn Bedding Aurora Luxe – Best Cooling Gel Mattress
- Nolah Natural – Best Cooling Natural Mattress
- Bear Star Hybrid– Best Cooling Mattress for Back Pain
- Brooklyn Bedding Signature Hybrid – Best Firm Cooling Mattress
- Titan Plus – Best Cooling Mattress for Heavy People
How We Chose the Best Cooling Mattresses
At Sleep Advisor, our mattress reviews are based on findings from in-person tests performed by our diverse cast of experts that allow us to have a genuine understanding of how the mattress feels and performs.
For the best cooling beds, we obviously focused on one category: cooling. In our studio, we actually test the cooling ability of beds with a temperature gun to see how long how much heat is retained when we lay down on a mattress.
Out of all mattresses we’ve tested, we found that the average temperature regulation score is 3.9 out of 5. But all the mattresses on this roundup have an average rating of 4.3 out of 5 stars when it comes to cooling.
My Video Review of the Best Cooling Mattresses
Compare The Best Cooling Mattresses
Helix Midnight Luxe Mattress | DreamCloud Original Mattress | Nectar Premier Copper Hybrid | Saatva Mattress | WinkBed Mattress | Brooklyn Bedding Aurora Luxe Mattress | Nolah Natural Mattress | Bear Star Hybrid Mattress | Brooklyn Bedding Signature Hybrid Mattress | Titan Plus | |
Rating | ||||||||||
Firmness | Medium-firm: 6/10 | Medium-firm: 6.5/10 | Medium: 5.5/10 | Multiple firmness options | Multiple firmness options | Multiple firmness options | Medium-firm: 6/10 | Medium-firm: 6/10 | Multiple firmness options | Firm: 8/10 |
Material | Hybrid | Hybrid | Hybrid | Innerspring | Hybrid | Hybrid | Latex | Hybrid | Hybrid | Hybrid |
Cooling | — | — | — | — | ||||||
Warranty | 15-year warranty | Lifetime warranty | Lifetime warranty | Lifetime warranty | Lifetime warranty | 10-year warranty | Lifetime warranty | Lifetime warranty | 10-year warranty | 10-year warranty |
Shipping | Free shipping | Free shipping | Free shipping | Free white glove delivery | Free shipping | Free shipping | Free shipping | Free shipping | Free shipping | Free shipping |
Trial Period | 100 nights | 365 nights | 365 nights | 365 nights | 120 nights | 120 nights | 120 Nights | 120 nights | 120 nights | 120 nights |
Best For | Back Sleepers, Stomach Sleepers, Side Sleepers, Hip Pain, Seniors | Back Sleepers, Hot Sleepers, Seniors | Back Sleepers, Side Sleepers, Back Pain, Seniors, Hip Pain | Back Sleepers, Stomach Sleepers, Back Pain, Hot Sleepers, Seniors | Back Sleepers, Stomach Sleepers, Back Pain, Hot Sleepers, Side Sleepers, Hip Pain, Seniors | Hot Sleepers, Back Pain, Side Sleepers | Side Sleepers, Back Sleepers, Stomach Sleepers, Hot Sleepers, Back Pain | Joint Pain, Side Sleepers, Back Sleepers, Hot Sleepers | Couples, Back Sleepers, Hip Pain | Back Sleepers, Stomach Sleepers, Back Pain, Hip Pain, Seniors |
What We Want to See in a Cooling Mattress
There are a few components in a cooling mattress that make it, well, cool. Here’s what we looked for when we checked out the best cool beds:
Breathable Materials
A lot of mattresses say they have a “breathable construction,” but what does that really mean? Well, it essentially means that how it was built allows for air to keep flowing through its layers. An example of how a manufacturer might do this is by using open-celled foams or individually wrapped coils, which allows for pockets through which hot air can escape.
Cooling Covers
A lot of beds can tack on a cooling cover to balance out any heat-trapping properties, so you get the best of both worlds. This cover can be composed of many different materials or temperature-regulating technologies, but it overall keeps cooling focused at the surface of the mattress—AKA right where you lay on it. This can be achieved through the use of breathable fibers, phase change materials, or other materials designed to absorb excess heat.
The Best Cooling Mattresses, In-Depth
Helix Midnight Luxe – Editor’s Pick
Helix Midnight Luxe Mattress
With the Ultra-Cool phase-changing cover and gel-infused foam, the Helix Midnight Luxe is an excellent choice for hot sleepers who also need pressure relief and zoned support.
Material
Hybrid
Trial Period
100 nights
Shipping Method
Free shipping
Firmness
Medium-firm: 6/10
Warranty
15-year warranty
Price Range
$$$$$
We recommend this mattress for the following sleeper types:
Seniors
This bed is perfect for senior sleepers.Hip Pain
This bed is perfect for anyone suffering from hip pain.Back Sleeping
Ideal for average weight and heavyweight back sleepers.Side Sleeping
Ideal for average weight and heavyweight side sleepers.Stomach Sleeping
Ideal for lightweight stomach sleepers.Financing Options
Financing options are available for this mattress.
Helix Midnight Luxe Mattress
With the Ultra-Cool phase-changing cover and gel-infused foam, the Helix Midnight Luxe is an excellent choice for hot sleepers who also need pressure relief and zoned support.
Material
Hybrid
Warranty
15-year warranty
Firmness
Medium-firm: 6/10
Shipping Method
Free shipping
Trial Period
100 nights
Price Range
$$$$$
We recommend this mattress for the following sleeper types:
Seniors
This bed is perfect for senior sleepers.Hip Pain
This bed is perfect for anyone suffering from hip pain.Back Sleeping
Ideal for average weight and heavyweight back sleepers.Side Sleeping
Ideal for average weight and heavyweight side sleepers.Stomach Sleeping
Ideal for lightweight stomach sleepers.Financing Options
Financing options are available for this mattress.
Helix Midnight Luxe Mattress
With the Ultra-Cool phase-changing cover and gel-infused foam, the Helix Midnight Luxe is an excellent choice for hot sleepers who also need pressure relief and zoned support.
Material
Hybrid
Firmness
Medium-firm: 6/10
Trial Period
100 nights
Warranty
15-year warranty
Shipping Method
Free shipping
Price Range
$$$$$
We recommend this mattress for the following sleeper types:
Seniors
This bed is perfect for senior sleepers.Hip Pain
This bed is perfect for anyone suffering from hip pain.Back Sleeping
Ideal for average weight and heavyweight back sleepers.Side Sleeping
Ideal for average weight and heavyweight side sleepers.Stomach Sleeping
Ideal for lightweight stomach sleepers.Financing Options
Financing options are available for this mattress.
Metrics | Helix Midnight Luxe | Average |
Overall Score | 4 | 4.1 |
Mattress Height | 14.5″ | 11″ |
Mattress Type | Hybrid | – |
Number of Layers | 6 Layers | – |
Firmness | Medium-Firm | – |
Sleep Trial | 100 Nights | 141 Nights |
Shipping | Free Shipping | – |
Certifications | CertiPUR-US® and GREENGUARD Gold | – |
Price (Queen) | $2,373 (before discounts) | $1,695 |
DreamCloud – Best Cooling Mattress for Couples
DreamCloud Original Mattress
Luxurious hybrid at a great price with a lifetime warranty.
Material
Hybrid
Trial Period
365 nights
Shipping Method
Free shipping
Firmness
Medium-firm: 6.5/10
Warranty
Lifetime warranty
Price Range
$$$$$
We recommend this mattress for the following sleeper types:
Hot Sleepers
If you often overheat while you sleep, this mattress should help you stay cool.Seniors
This bed is perfect for senior sleepers.Back Sleeping
Ideal for average weight back sleepers.Financing Options
Financing options are available for this mattress.
DreamCloud Original Mattress
Luxurious hybrid at a great price with a lifetime warranty.
Material
Hybrid
Warranty
Lifetime warranty
Firmness
Medium-firm: 6.5/10
Shipping Method
Free shipping
Trial Period
365 nights
Price Range
$$$$$
We recommend this mattress for the following sleeper types:
Hot Sleepers
If you often overheat while you sleep, this mattress should help you stay cool.Seniors
This bed is perfect for senior sleepers.Back Sleeping
Ideal for average weight back sleepers.Financing Options
Financing options are available for this mattress.
DreamCloud Original Mattress
Luxurious hybrid at a great price with a lifetime warranty.
Material
Hybrid
Firmness
Medium-firm: 6.5/10
Trial Period
365 nights
Warranty
Lifetime warranty
Shipping Method
Free shipping
Price Range
$$$$$
We recommend this mattress for the following sleeper types:
Hot Sleepers
If you often overheat while you sleep, this mattress should help you stay cool.Seniors
This bed is perfect for senior sleepers.Back Sleeping
Ideal for average weight back sleepers.Financing Options
Financing options are available for this mattress.
Metrics | DreamCloud | Average |
Overall | 4 | 4.1 |
Mattress Height | 14″ | 11″ |
Mattress Type | Hybrid | – |
Number of Layers | 8 | – |
Firmness | Medium-Firm | – |
Sleep Trial | 365 Nights | 141 Nights |
Sleep Trial | Free Shipping within the continental United States | – |
Certifications | CertiPUR-US® | – |
Price (Queen) | $2,095 (before discounts) | $1,695 |
Nectar Premier Copper Hybrid – Best Cooling Mattress for Side Sleepers
Editor’s Note: The Nectar Premier Copper Hybrid mattress is no longer available. Our review of the brand’s newest model, the Nectar Luxe Hybrid, is coming soon.
Nectar Premier Copper Hybrid
This unique Nectar hybrid mattress stands out with its unique construction, carefully crafted to fit a range of sleepers, including those who struggle with hot flashes and overheating.
Material
Hybrid
Trial Period
365 nights
Shipping Method
Free shipping
Firmness
Medium: 5.5/10
Warranty
Lifetime warranty
Price Range
$$$$$
We recommend this mattress for the following sleeper types:
Seniors
This bed is perfect for senior sleepers.Hip Pain
This bed is perfect for anyone suffering from hip pain.Back Pain
This bed is perfect for anyone suffering from back pain.Back Sleeping
Ideal for lightweight and average weight back sleepers.Side Sleeping
Ideal for average weight side sleepers.Financing Options
Financing options are available for this mattress.
Nectar Premier Copper Hybrid
This unique Nectar hybrid mattress stands out with its unique construction, carefully crafted to fit a range of sleepers, including those who struggle with hot flashes and overheating.
Material
Hybrid
Warranty
Lifetime warranty
Firmness
Medium: 5.5/10
Shipping Method
Free shipping
Trial Period
365 nights
Price Range
$$$$$
We recommend this mattress for the following sleeper types:
Seniors
This bed is perfect for senior sleepers.Hip Pain
This bed is perfect for anyone suffering from hip pain.Back Pain
This bed is perfect for anyone suffering from back pain.Back Sleeping
Ideal for lightweight and average weight back sleepers.Side Sleeping
Ideal for average weight side sleepers.Financing Options
Financing options are available for this mattress.
Nectar Premier Copper Hybrid
This unique Nectar hybrid mattress stands out with its unique construction, carefully crafted to fit a range of sleepers, including those who struggle with hot flashes and overheating.
Material
Hybrid
Firmness
Medium: 5.5/10
Trial Period
365 nights
Warranty
Lifetime warranty
Shipping Method
Free shipping
Price Range
$$$$$
We recommend this mattress for the following sleeper types:
Seniors
This bed is perfect for senior sleepers.Hip Pain
This bed is perfect for anyone suffering from hip pain.Back Pain
This bed is perfect for anyone suffering from back pain.Back Sleeping
Ideal for lightweight and average weight back sleepers.Side Sleeping
Ideal for average weight side sleepers.Financing Options
Financing options are available for this mattress.
Metrics | Nectar Premier Copper Hybrid | Average |
Overall | 4.3 | 4.1 |
Mattress Height | 14″ | 11″ |
Mattress Type | Hybrid | – |
Number of Layers | 5 Layers | – |
Firmness | Medium | – |
Sleep Trial | 365 Nights | 141 Nights |
Shipping | Ships free across the continental United States. | – |
Certifications | CertiPUR-US® | – |
Price (Queen) | $2,249 (before discounts) | $1,695 |
Saatva Classic – Best Cooling Innerspring Mattress
Saatva Mattress
Coil-on-coil structure gives this elevated innerspring bed a luxurious feel and versatility.
Material
Innerspring
Trial Period
365 nights
Shipping Method
Free white glove delivery
Firmness
Multiple firmness options
Warranty
Lifetime warranty
Price Range
$$$$$
We recommend this mattress for the following sleeper types:
Hot Sleepers
If you often overheat while you sleep, this mattress should help you stay cool.Seniors
This bed is perfect for senior sleepers.Back Pain
This bed is perfect for anyone suffering from back pain.Back Sleeping
Ideal for lightweight, average weight, and heavyweight back sleepers.Stomach Sleeping
Ideal for lightweight and average weight stomach sleepers.Financing Options
Financing options are available for this mattress.
Saatva Mattress
Coil-on-coil structure gives this elevated innerspring bed a luxurious feel and versatility.
Material
Innerspring
Warranty
Lifetime warranty
Firmness
Multiple firmness options
Shipping Method
Free white glove delivery
Trial Period
365 nights
Price Range
$$$$$
We recommend this mattress for the following sleeper types:
Hot Sleepers
If you often overheat while you sleep, this mattress should help you stay cool.Seniors
This bed is perfect for senior sleepers.Back Pain
This bed is perfect for anyone suffering from back pain.Back Sleeping
Ideal for lightweight, average weight, and heavyweight back sleepers.Stomach Sleeping
Ideal for lightweight and average weight stomach sleepers.Financing Options
Financing options are available for this mattress.
Saatva Mattress
Coil-on-coil structure gives this elevated innerspring bed a luxurious feel and versatility.
Material
Innerspring
Firmness
Multiple firmness options
Trial Period
365 nights
Warranty
Lifetime warranty
Shipping Method
Free white glove delivery
Price Range
$$$$$
We recommend this mattress for the following sleeper types:
Hot Sleepers
If you often overheat while you sleep, this mattress should help you stay cool.Seniors
This bed is perfect for senior sleepers.Back Pain
This bed is perfect for anyone suffering from back pain.Back Sleeping
Ideal for lightweight, average weight, and heavyweight back sleepers.Stomach Sleeping
Ideal for lightweight and average weight stomach sleepers.Financing Options
Financing options are available for this mattress.
Metrics | Saatva Classic | Average |
Overall Score | 4 | 4.1 |
Mattress Height | 11.5″ or 14.5″ | 11″ |
Mattress Type | Hybrid | – |
Number of Layers | 4 Layers | – |
Firmness | Luxury Firm, Firm, and Plush Soft | – |
Sleep Trial | 365 Nights | 141 Nights |
Shipping | Free shipping within the continental United States. | – |
Certifications | CertiPUR-US® and GOTS-certified | – |
Price (Queen) | $2,095 (before discounts) | $1,695 |
WinkBed – Best Cooling Mattress for Back Sleepers
WinkBed Mattress
WinkBed is a luxury hybrid bed with a variety of comfort features that should make it a versatile pick for most sleeping positions.
Material
Hybrid
Trial Period
120 nights
Shipping Method
Free shipping
Firmness
Multiple firmness options
Warranty
Lifetime warranty
Price Range
$$$$$
We recommend this mattress for the following sleeper types:
Hot Sleepers
If you often overheat while you sleep, this mattress should help you stay cool.Seniors
This bed is perfect for senior sleepers.Hip Pain
This bed is perfect for anyone suffering from hip pain.Back Pain
This bed is perfect for anyone suffering from back pain.Back Sleeping
Ideal for lightweight and average weight back sleepers.Side Sleeping
Ideal for lightweight and average weight side sleepers.Stomach Sleeping
Ideal for average weight stomach sleepers.Financing Options
Financing options are available for this mattress.
WinkBed Mattress
WinkBed is a luxury hybrid bed with a variety of comfort features that should make it a versatile pick for most sleeping positions.
Material
Hybrid
Warranty
Lifetime warranty
Firmness
Multiple firmness options
Shipping Method
Free shipping
Trial Period
120 nights
Price Range
$$$$$
We recommend this mattress for the following sleeper types:
Hot Sleepers
If you often overheat while you sleep, this mattress should help you stay cool.Seniors
This bed is perfect for senior sleepers.Hip Pain
This bed is perfect for anyone suffering from hip pain.Back Pain
This bed is perfect for anyone suffering from back pain.Back Sleeping
Ideal for lightweight and average weight back sleepers.Side Sleeping
Ideal for lightweight and average weight side sleepers.Stomach Sleeping
Ideal for average weight stomach sleepers.Financing Options
Financing options are available for this mattress.
WinkBed Mattress
WinkBed is a luxury hybrid bed with a variety of comfort features that should make it a versatile pick for most sleeping positions.
Material
Hybrid
Firmness
Multiple firmness options
Trial Period
120 nights
Warranty
Lifetime warranty
Shipping Method
Free shipping
Price Range
$$$$$
We recommend this mattress for the following sleeper types:
Hot Sleepers
If you often overheat while you sleep, this mattress should help you stay cool.Seniors
This bed is perfect for senior sleepers.Hip Pain
This bed is perfect for anyone suffering from hip pain.Back Pain
This bed is perfect for anyone suffering from back pain.Back Sleeping
Ideal for lightweight and average weight back sleepers.Side Sleeping
Ideal for lightweight and average weight side sleepers.Stomach Sleeping
Ideal for average weight stomach sleepers.Financing Options
Financing options are available for this mattress.
Metrics | WinkBed Mattress | Average |
Overall Score | 4.3 | 4.1 |
Mattress Height | 13.5″ | 11″ |
Mattress Type | Hybrid | – |
Number of Layers | 3 Layers | – |
Firmness | Soft, Luxury Firm, Firm, and Plus | – |
Sleep Trial | 120 Nights | 141 Nights |
Shipping | Shipping is free within the contiguous United States. | – |
Certifications | OEKO-TEX® Standard 100 and CertiPUR-US® | – |
Price (Queen) | $1,799 (before discounts) | $1,695 |
Brooklyn Bedding Aurora Luxe – Best Cooling Gel Mattress
Brooklyn Bedding Aurora Luxe Mattress
The Aurora Luxe is a cooling mattress with TitanCool™ Technology, copper and gel infusions, and a temperature-regulating coil layer working together to provide exceptional comfort for those who sleep hot.
Material
Hybrid
Trial Period
120 nights
Shipping Method
Free shipping
Firmness
Multiple firmness options
Warranty
10-year warranty
Price Range
$$$$$
We recommend this mattress for the following sleeper types:
Hot Sleepers
If you often overheat while you sleep, this mattress should help you stay cool.Back Pain
This bed is perfect for anyone suffering from back pain.Side Sleeping
Ideal for average weight side sleepers.Financing Options
Financing options are available for this mattress.
Brooklyn Bedding Aurora Luxe Mattress
The Aurora Luxe is a cooling mattress with TitanCool™ Technology, copper and gel infusions, and a temperature-regulating coil layer working together to provide exceptional comfort for those who sleep hot.
Material
Hybrid
Warranty
10-year warranty
Firmness
Multiple firmness options
Shipping Method
Free shipping
Trial Period
120 nights
Price Range
$$$$$
We recommend this mattress for the following sleeper types:
Hot Sleepers
If you often overheat while you sleep, this mattress should help you stay cool.Back Pain
This bed is perfect for anyone suffering from back pain.Side Sleeping
Ideal for average weight side sleepers.Financing Options
Financing options are available for this mattress.
Brooklyn Bedding Aurora Luxe Mattress
The Aurora Luxe is a cooling mattress with TitanCool™ Technology, copper and gel infusions, and a temperature-regulating coil layer working together to provide exceptional comfort for those who sleep hot.
Material
Hybrid
Firmness
Multiple firmness options
Trial Period
120 nights
Warranty
10-year warranty
Shipping Method
Free shipping
Price Range
$$$$$
We recommend this mattress for the following sleeper types:
Hot Sleepers
If you often overheat while you sleep, this mattress should help you stay cool.Back Pain
This bed is perfect for anyone suffering from back pain.Side Sleeping
Ideal for average weight side sleepers.Financing Options
Financing options are available for this mattress.
Metric | Brooklyn Bedding Aurora Luxe | Average |
Overall | 4 | 4.1 |
Mattress Height | 13.25” | 11″ |
Mattress Type | Hybrid | – |
Number of Layers | 6 | – |
Firmness | Multiple Firmness Options | – |
Sleep Trial | 120 nights | 141 Nights |
Shipping | Free shipping within the contiguous United States. | – |
Certifications | CertiPUR-US® | – |
Price (Queen) | $2,265 (before discounts) | $1,695 |
Nolah Natural – Best Cooling Natural Mattress
Nolah Natural Mattress
Nolah’s Natural Latex Hybrid is crafted from high-quality natural and organic materials, serving as a luxurious option for eco-friendly shoppers.
Material
Latex
Trial Period
120 Nights
Shipping Method
Free shipping
Firmness
Medium-firm: 6/10
Warranty
Lifetime warranty
Price Range
$$$$$
We recommend this mattress for the following sleeper types:
Hot Sleepers
If you often overheat while you sleep, this mattress should help you stay cool.Back Pain
This bed is perfect for anyone suffering from back pain.Back Sleeping
Ideal for lightweight, average weight, and heavyweight back sleepers.Side Sleeping
Ideal for lightweight, average weight, and heavyweight side sleepers.Stomach Sleeping
Ideal for lightweight stomach sleepers.Financing Options
Financing options are available for this mattress.
Nolah Natural Mattress
Nolah’s Natural Latex Hybrid is crafted from high-quality natural and organic materials, serving as a luxurious option for eco-friendly shoppers.
Material
Latex
Warranty
Lifetime warranty
Firmness
Medium-firm: 6/10
Shipping Method
Free shipping
Trial Period
120 Nights
Price Range
$$$$$
We recommend this mattress for the following sleeper types:
Hot Sleepers
If you often overheat while you sleep, this mattress should help you stay cool.Back Pain
This bed is perfect for anyone suffering from back pain.Back Sleeping
Ideal for lightweight, average weight, and heavyweight back sleepers.Side Sleeping
Ideal for lightweight, average weight, and heavyweight side sleepers.Stomach Sleeping
Ideal for lightweight stomach sleepers.Financing Options
Financing options are available for this mattress.
Nolah Natural Mattress
Nolah’s Natural Latex Hybrid is crafted from high-quality natural and organic materials, serving as a luxurious option for eco-friendly shoppers.
Material
Latex
Firmness
Medium-firm: 6/10
Trial Period
120 Nights
Warranty
Lifetime warranty
Shipping Method
Free shipping
Price Range
$$$$$
We recommend this mattress for the following sleeper types:
Hot Sleepers
If you often overheat while you sleep, this mattress should help you stay cool.Back Pain
This bed is perfect for anyone suffering from back pain.Back Sleeping
Ideal for lightweight, average weight, and heavyweight back sleepers.Side Sleeping
Ideal for lightweight, average weight, and heavyweight side sleepers.Stomach Sleeping
Ideal for lightweight stomach sleepers.Financing Options
Financing options are available for this mattress.
Metrics | Nolah Natural | Average |
Overall | 4.2 | 4.1 |
Mattress Height | 11” | 11″ |
Mattress Type | Latex | – |
Number of Layers | 6 | – |
Firmness | Medium-Firm | – |
Sleep Trial | 120 Nights | 141 Nights |
Shipping | Free Shipping within the continental United States | – |
Certifications | GREENGUARD Gold | – |
Price (Queen) | $2,099 | $1,695 |
Bear Star Hybrid – Best Cooling Mattress for Back Pain
Bear Star Hybrid Mattress
The Bear Hybrid is an appealing product because it should cater to a wide variety of sleepers.
Material
Hybrid
Trial Period
120 nights
Shipping Method
Free shipping
Firmness
Medium-firm: 6/10
Warranty
Lifetime warranty
Price Range
$$$$$
We recommend this mattress for the following sleeper types:
Hot Sleepers
If you often overheat while you sleep, this mattress should help you stay cool.Joint Pain
This bed is perfect for anyone suffering from joint pain.Back Sleeping
Ideal for lightweight back sleepers.Side Sleeping
Ideal for average weight side sleepers.Financing Options
Financing options are available for this mattress.
Bear Star Hybrid Mattress
The Bear Hybrid is an appealing product because it should cater to a wide variety of sleepers.
Material
Hybrid
Warranty
Lifetime warranty
Firmness
Medium-firm: 6/10
Shipping Method
Free shipping
Trial Period
120 nights
Price Range
$$$$$
We recommend this mattress for the following sleeper types:
Hot Sleepers
If you often overheat while you sleep, this mattress should help you stay cool.Joint Pain
This bed is perfect for anyone suffering from joint pain.Back Sleeping
Ideal for lightweight back sleepers.Side Sleeping
Ideal for average weight side sleepers.Financing Options
Financing options are available for this mattress.
Bear Star Hybrid Mattress
The Bear Hybrid is an appealing product because it should cater to a wide variety of sleepers.
Material
Hybrid
Firmness
Medium-firm: 6/10
Trial Period
120 nights
Warranty
Lifetime warranty
Shipping Method
Free shipping
Price Range
$$$$$
We recommend this mattress for the following sleeper types:
Hot Sleepers
If you often overheat while you sleep, this mattress should help you stay cool.Joint Pain
This bed is perfect for anyone suffering from joint pain.Back Sleeping
Ideal for lightweight back sleepers.Side Sleeping
Ideal for average weight side sleepers.Financing Options
Financing options are available for this mattress.
Metrics | Bear Star Hybrid | Average |
Overall Score | 3.8 | 4.1 |
Mattress Height | 13″ | 11″ |
Mattress Type | Hybrid | – |
Number of Layers | 4 Layers | – |
Firmness | Medium-Firm | – |
Sleep Trial | 120 Nights | 141 Nights |
Shipping | Ships free across the continental United States. | – |
Certifications | GREENGUARD Gold and CertiPUR-US® | – |
Price (Queen) | $1,998 (before discounts) | $1,695 |
Brooklyn Bedding Signature Hybrid – Best Cooling Firm Mattress
Brooklyn Bedding Signature Hybrid Mattress
The Brooklyn Bedding Signature Hybrid is priced similarly to other bed-in-the-box options, it represents a fantastic value in the hybrid market.
Material
Hybrid
Trial Period
120 nights
Shipping Method
Free shipping
Firmness
Multiple firmness options
Warranty
10-year warranty
Price Range
$$$$$
We recommend this mattress for the following sleeper types:
Couples
This bed has great motion isolation so you will not feel your partner tossing and turning at night.Hip Pain
This bed is perfect for anyone suffering from hip pain.Back Sleeping
Ideal for average weight back sleepers.Financing Options
Financing options are available for this mattress.
Brooklyn Bedding Signature Hybrid Mattress
The Brooklyn Bedding Signature Hybrid is priced similarly to other bed-in-the-box options, it represents a fantastic value in the hybrid market.
Material
Hybrid
Warranty
10-year warranty
Firmness
Multiple firmness options
Shipping Method
Free shipping
Trial Period
120 nights
Price Range
$$$$$
We recommend this mattress for the following sleeper types:
Couples
This bed has great motion isolation so you will not feel your partner tossing and turning at night.Hip Pain
This bed is perfect for anyone suffering from hip pain.Back Sleeping
Ideal for average weight back sleepers.Financing Options
Financing options are available for this mattress.
Brooklyn Bedding Signature Hybrid Mattress
The Brooklyn Bedding Signature Hybrid is priced similarly to other bed-in-the-box options, it represents a fantastic value in the hybrid market.
Material
Hybrid
Firmness
Multiple firmness options
Trial Period
120 nights
Warranty
10-year warranty
Shipping Method
Free shipping
Price Range
$$$$$
We recommend this mattress for the following sleeper types:
Couples
This bed has great motion isolation so you will not feel your partner tossing and turning at night.Hip Pain
This bed is perfect for anyone suffering from hip pain.Back Sleeping
Ideal for average weight back sleepers.Financing Options
Financing options are available for this mattress.
Metrics | Brooklyn Bedding Signature Hybrid Mattress | Average |
Overall Score | 4 | 4.1 |
Mattress Height | 12.25″ | 11″ |
Mattress Type | Hybrid | – |
Number of Layers | 5 Layers | – |
Firmness | Soft, Medium, and Firm | – |
Sleep Trial | 120 Nights | 141 Nights |
Shipping | Shipping is free within the continental United States. | – |
Certifications | CertiPUR-US® | – |
Price (Queen) | $1,332 (before discounts) | $1,695 |
Titan Plus – Best Cooling Mattress for Heavy People
Titan Plus
This specially-designed hybrid is made for heavier sleepers to help them get better, more comfortable sleep.
Material
Hybrid
Trial Period
120 nights
Shipping Method
Free shipping
Firmness
Firm: 8/10
Warranty
10-year warranty
Price Range
$$$$$
We recommend this mattress for the following sleeper types:
Seniors
This bed is perfect for senior sleepers.Hip Pain
This bed is perfect for anyone suffering from hip pain.Back Pain
This bed is perfect for anyone suffering from back pain.Back Sleeping
Ideal for heavyweight back sleepers.Stomach Sleeping
Ideal for heavyweight stomach sleepers.Financing Options
Financing options are available for this mattress.
Titan Plus
This specially-designed hybrid is made for heavier sleepers to help them get better, more comfortable sleep.
Material
Hybrid
Warranty
10-year warranty
Firmness
Firm: 8/10
Shipping Method
Free shipping
Trial Period
120 nights
Price Range
$$$$$
We recommend this mattress for the following sleeper types:
Seniors
This bed is perfect for senior sleepers.Hip Pain
This bed is perfect for anyone suffering from hip pain.Back Pain
This bed is perfect for anyone suffering from back pain.Back Sleeping
Ideal for heavyweight back sleepers.Stomach Sleeping
Ideal for heavyweight stomach sleepers.Financing Options
Financing options are available for this mattress.
Titan Plus
This specially-designed hybrid is made for heavier sleepers to help them get better, more comfortable sleep.
Material
Hybrid
Firmness
Firm: 8/10
Trial Period
120 nights
Warranty
10-year warranty
Shipping Method
Free shipping
Price Range
$$$$$
We recommend this mattress for the following sleeper types:
Seniors
This bed is perfect for senior sleepers.Hip Pain
This bed is perfect for anyone suffering from hip pain.Back Pain
This bed is perfect for anyone suffering from back pain.Back Sleeping
Ideal for heavyweight back sleepers.Stomach Sleeping
Ideal for heavyweight stomach sleepers.Financing Options
Financing options are available for this mattress.
Metrics | Titan Plus | Average |
Overall Score | 4.5 | 4.1 |
Mattress Height | 11″ | 11″ |
Mattress Type | Hybrid | – |
Number of Layers | 5 | – |
Firmness | Firm | – |
Sleep Trial | 120 Nights | 141 Nights |
Shipping | Free Shipping within the continental United States | – |
Certifications | CertiPUR-US Certified | – |
Price (Queen) | $1,249 (before discounts) | $1,695 |
Compare Cooling Scores for Our Best Cooling Beds
Here’s another quick summary of what we gave each mattress for the cooling score, so you can see for yourself where they land:
Featured Mattress | Cooling Score (out of 5) |
Helix Midnight Luxe | 5 |
DreamCloud | 4 |
Nectar Premier Copper Hybrid | 5 |
Saatva Classic | 4 |
WinkBed | 4 |
Brooklyn Bedding Aurora Luxe | 4 |
Nolah Natural | 4.5 |
Bear Star Hybrid | 4 |
Brooklyn Bedding Signature Hybrid | 4.5 |
Titan Plus | 4 |
Comparing All Mattress Scores
Mattress | Price (Queen Size) | Pressure Relief | Support | Motion Transfer | Cooling | Bounce | Edge Support | Couples |
Helix Midnight Luxe | $2.373 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
DreamCloud | $2,095 | 4 | 5 | 4.25 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 |
Nectar Premier Copper Hybrid | $2,249 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 4 |
Saatva | $2,095 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 |
WinkBeds | $1,799 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 4.5 | 4 |
Brooklyn Bedding Aurora Luxe | $2,265 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 |
Nolah Natural | $2,099 | 5 | 4.5 | 2 | 4.5 | 5 | 4 | 3.5 |
Bear Star Hybrid | $1,998 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
Brooklyn Bedding Signature Hybrid | $1,332 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 4.5 | 5 | 3 | 2.5 |
Titan Plus | $1,249 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
Average Score | $1,695 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.9 |
Other Cooling Mattresses We Tested
While these mattresses didn’t make our list, each of these beds are great fits for hot sleepers. Check out our featured recommendations below.
Product
Type
Score
What is a Cooling Mattress?
A cooling mattress is a bed built with temperature-regulating materials that aim to prevent an uncomfortable excess of heat. The types of cooling materials in these mattresses can vary as much as the beds themselves. For example, memory foam is notorious for overheating, so many companies infuse copper, graphite, or gel to keep things cool.
Many companies also utilize the covers of their mattresses to convey cooling effects. From phase change technologies to moisture-wicking fabrics, these advancements help to keep sleepers comfortable.
How We Test the Best Cooling Mattresses
When it comes to testing how well a bed cools, we get pretty serious at Sleep Advisor. We even use temperature guns to get a super precise reading that helps quantify our overall rating.
We test the temperature of the mattress surface three times:
- First, we take the initial surface temperature of the mattress with the gun.
- Second, one of our testers lays on the mattress for five minutes, and we record the temperature.
- Finally, we’ll lay there for another five minutes, then test the temperature again.
This allows us to see whether the mattress heats up, stays the same, or provides active cooling. It’s rare that a mattress will lower the temperature, as humans run pretty hot, but a mattress is considered especially cooling (a 5/5) if the temperature remains within 5 degrees Fahrenheit of the initial recorded temperature.
We also add some of our own opinions. For example, even if the temperature gun says the bed is maintaining temperature, it might still feel warm to some testers. We also factor the bed’s featured cooling tech into our calculations, some of which may not be able to see the results in a mere 10 minutes.
What to Look for in a Cooling Mattress
Certain mattress types will keep you cooler than others. If temperature regulation is a major priority for you, then you’ll need to know how different mattress materials perform in this arena.
Type of Mattress
Innerspring Mattresses
Coil units encourage cooling because air can flow freely through them, keeping the bed’s overall temperature down. Classic innerspring mattresses feature coils that are interconnected, and though they provide lots of bounce, they also heighten motion transfer.
These days, the best innerspring mattresses have pocketed coils instead of the interconnected spring unit. Pocketed coils are each wrapped in a separate fabric sleeve so that they can move and compress independently of one another, cutting down on motion transfer while preserving their support and cooling capabilities.
Hybrid Mattresses
Hybrid mattresses incorporate both coils and foams into their design. Therefore, they can provide the cooling benefits of a spring unit while also offering the signature pressure relief that comes with foams.
The best hybrid mattresses will take cooling into consideration from their very first layer. Gel-infused foams, cooling covers, and moisture-wicking, breathable fabrics are common. Because these beds tend to be cutting-edge, though, they’re often more expensive than simpler innerspring or all-foam models.
Memory Foam Mattresses
Memory foam retains a fair amount of heat, so in order to sell all-foam beds that keep sleepers cool, mattress-makers have had to get creative. If you’re considering a memory foam mattress but struggle with overheating at night, be sure to read up on the cooling features available. Different brands have different approaches to making their foams feel comfortable.
One common tactic is to infuse the foam with cooling gel, which helps to absorb excess heat. This can also be done with copper, a natural coolant that also possesses some antibacterial properties. Another is to manufacture foam with an “open cell” design, which decreases the density of the foam and adds tiny, aerating pockets to its structure.
Other mattresses might have cooling covers with these features sewn into them, or they might boast phase-change technology to dissipate excess heat. More on that later.
Latex Mattresses
Latex is a type of foam that has more cooling properties than traditional poly foams. It doesn’t trap heat as much as memory foam, and its naturally breathable structure means that it retains a comfy temperature night after night.
Some latex mattresses are made with natural and certified organic latex foam, resulting in an especially eco-friendly product.
The downside to latex beds is that they’re slightly higher in price. However, their many benefits and overall durability make them a worthwhile investment.
Sleeping Position
If you’re a side sleeper, you likely need more pressure relief around your shoulders and hips. Therefore, side sleeper beds with memory foam layers and a soft or medium firmness are ideal.
Back sleeper mattresses must provide a balance of pressure relief and support. Many back sleepers can sleep comfortably on foam or hybrid models but should stick to medium and medium-firm beds.
Stomach sleeper beds will typically contain coils that deliver durable support, though firmer all-foam models should still perform well. People who sleep in this position tend to need an overall firmer mattress than others. (Take it from me, a dedicated stomach sleeper.)
Lastly, combination sleeper mattresses should be responsive so they can foster easy repositioning and accommodate different postures. Usually, a medium-firm model is good for this group.
Weight/Body Type of Sleepers
Your body weight has a direct impact on the type of mattress that works best for you. Lightweight people tend to sleep better on softer mattresses that allow them to push down into them for a gentle hug, whereas their heavier counterparts find the most restful sleep on supportive and firm mattresses. If your weight falls in the middle of the scale, it is likely that the firmness level that you will rest best on will also be in the middle.
When it comes to cooling, sometimes those of different weights may experience a mattress’s cooling effects differently. For example, a lightweight person may feel a mattress is more cooling than someone of a heavier weight who sinks further into the layers, or vice versa. Cooling can be subjective, but regardless of how much you weigh, you should be able to find a mattress that can cool you down.
Firmness
The ideal mattress firmness for you can depend on your weight, sleep style, and comfort preferences. Luckily, a bed’s firmness doesn’t have too much of an effect on its cooling abilities, though you should always look into the differences in materials between the firmer and softer models of a given mattress.
The majority of mattresses come in a medium or medium-firm feel, which is the most universal preference in terms of comfort. This firmness level is usually best for average-size sleepers, combination sleepers, and those who lie on their back.
Softer beds are usually ideal for lightweight and side sleepers who don’t require as much support. Firm beds are best for stomach sleepers and heavier individuals, as they deliver increased support to ensure optimal spinal alignment.
In terms of cooling, sometimes a softer mattress can feel warmer if it cradles you so you feel further “stuck” in the mattress. The reverse can also be true if the cover itself is cooling, since you’ll have more contact with the surface and perhaps reap more cooling benefits. A firmer mattress may keep you lifted so you have less contact with the mattress itself, and depending on the temperature of your surroundings and sheets, this can make you feel warmer or colder.
Again, it can get subjective, so be sure to consider why and how you may feel like you’re overheating in your bed, and if your bed’s feel may be the culprit.
Sex
Sex can definitely cause you to work up a sweat and a mattress that helps keep you cool could make you and your partner more comfortable. Fortunately, latex, hybrid, and innerspring mattresses are excellent beds for sex and keeping you cool. Latex and coils are naturally cooling and responsive. This means that not only will these mattresses keep you from overheating during sex, but they can also prevent users from feeling stuck when repositioning.
Budget
Cooling mattresses with advanced temperature-regulation features will likely be more expensive than standard models, but for many hot sleepers, the perks are worth the investment.
If you’re looking to save on your mattress purchase, you might consider a few strategies. You could opt for an all-foam or innerspring cooling bed instead of a hybrid or latex mattress, as the latter two types tend to be priced higher. You can also track the calendar for discounts and deals around holidays such as Presidents’ Day and Memorial Day.
Finally, I recommend shopping for your mattress online. This direct-to-consumer model allows mattress companies to cut costs, resulting in more budget-friendly beds for shoppers.
What’s the Best Temperature for Sleep?
The best temperature for sleep falls in the range of 60 to 67 degrees Fahrenheit.1
Some people may like their environment to be cooler than others. This can be for a variety of reasons, such as conditions that can cause night sweats or hot flashes, like menopause. Overall, though keeping your bedroom’s temperature within this 60 to 67-degree window should be conducive to achieving a good night’s rest.
The best temperature for a baby’s room, however, is a tad warmer: between 65 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit.1
You can track your bedroom’s temperature by feel or with a thermostat, and adjust it using whatever tools you have at your disposal, including air conditioning, additional (or fewer) layers, and fans.
Additionally, find the best mattresses for menopause and hot flashes here.
Dr. Raj on the Reasons Why People Might Overheat at Night
Other Materials to Look For in Cooling Mattresses
The trick to finding an effective cooling mattress is to verify that it has certain temperature-regulating materials or features. Cooling beds should at least have one of these aspects, if not several.
Cooling Mattress Covers
The cover is the outermost part of the mattress, and therefore the closest layer to your body. Many mattress brands therefore incorporate temperature-regulating materials into their covers for an immediate cooling effect.
You might see a couple of common terms as you browse cooling covers. These are special materials with cooling and moisture-wicking properties:
- TENCEL™ – This material is naturally derived from the Eucalyptus tree. The fibers are touted as breathable and soft, hence their use in covers.
- GlacioTex™ – Helix often uses this type of cover on many of their luxury models. It’s made from fibers that aim to conduct unwanted heat away from the body.2
- Celliant® – This is a performance textile that reportedly converts excess heat into infrared energy, which then promotes muscle recovery. It’s often marketed towards athletes who need rejuvenation after an active day, but it comes alongside some possible cooling benefits.
Mattress covers can also be quilted or non-quilted.
- A quilted cover has a more traditional look and sews extra material (such as poly foam) into its first layer. Their thickness makes it so the top of the mattress is more insulated, often making it run hotter. This can be addressed by adding cooling materials such as breathable fibers or even gel foams.
- Non-quilted covers are thinner and often more breathable, since they only contain one layer. It’s possible that they may make your mattress feel a little firmer or less cushioning.
Gel-Infused Foam
Although foam is a popular mattress material, its density can trap heat. This fact is especially true for memory foam.
To combat this drawback, manufacturers have started infusing cooling gel into the foam to help mitigate the heat. The gel works by absorbing excess body heat and then releasing it away.
Some companies utilize special gels that incorporate metals and other materials, such as graphite or copper. These substances help with cooling and may also have antimicrobial properties.
Phase-Change Materials
Phase-change technology is used in a variety of applications, but when it comes to mattresses, it’s often found in the cover or used in foams to regulate the temperature. The way that phase-change materials (PCM) work is by storing or absorbing the thermal energy that builds up when matter changes states (AKA from a solid to a liquid or vice versa).3 The source of the energy, in this case, would be your body heat. PCM can also release that heat once the temperature becomes cold gain.
This equilibrium is likely to be more comfortable for people who sleep hot and cold alike and is especially ideal for couples.
Cooling Mattress Accessories
In addition to the mattress itself, you can utilize other bedding accessories and products to help promote a cooler sleep space.
Cooling Pillows
A high-quality cooling pillow should prevent heat from accumulating so your head stays nice and cool through the night. Bedding companies can incorporate cooling features into the pillow’s fill, cover, or both.
Many cooling pillows use gel or shredded foam to mitigate heat, while others may use breathable fibers like buckwheat or bamboo. When paired with a breathable pillowcase, these materials can be all the more effective at temperature control.
Cooling Sheets
Investing in a set of cooling sheets can be highly advantageous for people who sleep hot. Because you sleep directly against your sheets, you’re likely to feel their cooling effect immediately.
As you shop, look for terms like “breathable,” “moisture-wicking,” and “thermoregulating.” Additionally, you can count on specific fabrics like bamboo, TENCEL™, cotton, and Egyptian cotton to offer a cooler sleeping experience.
Cooling Mattress Toppers & Pads
Generally, mattress toppers are used as a means to enhance the mattress’ feel for extra support or cushioning. However, if you’re a hot sleeper, you can select a high quality cooling mattress topper that’s designed to keep your bed cozily chill, particularly if you’re not yet ready to commit to a new mattress.
Cooling mattress pads are a great solution for sleepers who want more cooling but can’t yet afford a brand-new mattress.
A mattress pad is similar to a mattress topper but tends to be thinner and not as impactful when it comes to changing the feel of the bed. Still, there are pads designed specifically for cooling that should be able to guard against extra warmth at night.
Cooling Comforters & Blankets
In some cases, the comforter or blanket you use may make you feel extra hot at night, and changing things up could make a significant difference. These are also helpful during the summer months when the temperatures rise.
Look for materials like cotton, bamboo, Egyptian cotton, and satin when searching for cooling blankets.
Best Cooling Mattress FAQs
How can I sleep cooler at night?
To achieve more comfort as you sleep, you can mix and match various strategies for making your bedroom colder.
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- Use a mattress with multiple cooling elements in its construction.
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- Purchase bedding made from naturally breathable materials.
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- Outfit your bedroom with cooling accessories such as fans and AC units.
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- Sleep in less clothing or lighter pajamas.
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- Sleep with one foot or leg outside of the covers.
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- Open a window to let cool air into the room.
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- Limit light (and subsequent heat) by putting blackout curtains on the windows or keeping the blinds closed at night.
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- Sleep on the lowest level of your home.
Do cooling mattresses really work?
Yes, the cooling and temperature-regulating features inside modern mattresses can help minimize heat retention and discomfort for many sleepers. Certain features may cause a notable cooling sensation, whereas others simply help your body to stay at a cozy temperature throughout the night.
You’ll probably find that you experience more pronounced cooling effects with some technologies over others, so experiment with various kinds of cooling materials and accessories to find the best mattress for you.
How do I keep my mattress cool?
You can choose multiple ways to keep your mattress cool at night. Invest in products like a mattress topper, pillows, and sheets that are designed to promote cooling. Opening the windows, running a fan, and turning on your air conditioning can always help bring down the temperature of the room for easier sleeping.
What is the most breathable mattress material?
The most breathable mattress materials are coils and latex. Coils allow air to flow through them, which keeps things breathable, and latex is naturally temperature-neutral. Memory foams infused with gel or copper or those that have an open-cell structure are also cooler than traditional memory foams.
Are spring mattresses cooler than memory foam ones?
Yes, spring mattresses are cooler than memory foam. Spring mattresses are built with coils, and as mentioned, they foster airflow for enhanced cooling. Conversely, memory foam’s high density causes it to trap heat, though many manufacturers integrate cooling gels in the material to help with this.
Mattress | Best For | Price (Queen Size) | Review |
Helix Midnight Luxe | Editor’s Pick | $2,049 | Helix Midnight Luxe Mattress Review |
DreamCloud | Couples | $1,332 | DreamCloud Mattress Review |
Nectar Premier Copper Hybrid | Side Sleepers | $2,249 | Nectar Premier Copper Hybrid Mattress Review |
Saatva Classic | Innerspring | $1,995 | Saatva Classic Mattress Review |
WinkBed | Back Sleepers | $1,799 | WinkBed Mattress Review |
Brooklyn Bedding Aurora Luxe | Gel | $1,874 | Brooklyn Bedding Aurora Luxe Mattress Review |
Nolah Natural | Natural | $1,199 | Nolah Natural Mattress Review |
Bear Star Hybrid | Back Pain | $1,998 | Bear Star Hybrid Mattress Review |
Brooklyn Bedding Signature Hybrid | Firm | $1,332 | Brooklyn Bedding Signature Hybrid Mattress Review |
Titan Plus | Heavy People | $1,249 | Titan Plus Mattress Review |
Julia Forbes
Lead Product Tester
About Author
Julia is the Lead Reviewer at Sleep Advisor, specializing in testing out mattresses and sleep accessories – she’s in the right line of work, because she loves to sleep.
Stomach Sleeper
Sources:
- “What’s the Best Temperature for Sleep?”. Cleveland Clinic. https://health.clevelandclinic.org/what-is-the-ideal-sleeping-temperature-for-my-bedroom/#:~:text=%E2%80%9CTypically%20it%20is%20suggested%20that,the%20stability%20of%20REM%20sleep. 2021.
- “GlacioTex™ Cooling.” Helix. https://helixsleep.com/pages/glaciotex-cooling-cover#:~:text=Cooling%20is%20essential%20to%20a,your%20body%20while%20you%20sleep. 2024.
- John A. Noël, Samer Kahwaji, Louis Desgrosseilliers, Dominic Groulx, Mary Anne White. “Chapter 13: Phase Change Material.” Storing Energy: With Special Reference to Renewable Energy Sources. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2014-0-04236-0. 2016.